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Skin lightening, or skin bleaching, is a cosmetic procedure that aims to lighten dark areas of skin or achieve a generally paler skin tone.

It's usually used to improve the appearance of blemishes such as birthmarks and melasma (dark patches).

Skin-lightening procedures work by reducing the concentration or production of melanin in the skin. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its colour and helps protect it from the sun.

The main techniques used to lighten the skin include:

Trying a skin-lightening procedure is a major decision. It can be expensive, time-consuming, and the results can't be guaranteed.

If you're thinking of going ahead, be absolutely sure about your reasons for wanting to try it and don’t rush into it.

It's a good idea to discuss your plans with your GP first. They might want to chat about your reasons for wanting to lighten your skin, and there might be a medical reason why the procedure isn't appropriate for you.

Skin-lightening techniques can result in serious side effects and complications. People with darker skin tones are particularly at risk of these problems.

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Skin-lightening creams

Powerful skin-lightening creams are available on prescription from a doctor. These usually contain one or both of the following medications:

Products containing these ingredients that haven't been prescribed by a doctor are banned in the UK, as they can cause serious side effects if used incorrectly.

Products containing other potentially harmful substances such as mercury are also banned.

Make sure you check the ingredients of any product before you buy it. Avoid it if hydroquinone, corticosteroids or mercury are listed in the ingredients, or if it doesn't come with a list of ingredients.

Many alternative skin-lightening products containing natural ingredients are available online and in shops without prescription. These are legal and unlikely to be harmful, but there's no guarantee they work.

How to use your skin-lightening cream

Your doctor will advise you how to use your skin-lightening cream.

You'll normally be advised to:

  • use it sparingly once or twice a day on the darkened area of skin only

  • avoid getting the cream on the surrounding skin or in your eyes, mouth and nose

  • apply the cream with a cotton bud, or wash your hands thoroughly before and after applying the cream

  • avoid touching the treated area against another person's skin for at least a few hours after applying the cream

  • use sun cream to protect your skin from the aggravating effects of sunlight

Most people will need to continue the treatment for around three or four months. Your doctor may recommend stopping treatment after this time, or only using it very occasionally.

Possible side effects

Side effects of skin-lightening creams can include:

  • skin irritation and inflammation (redness and swelling)

  • a burning or stinging sensation

  • itchy and flaky skin

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